Perception of university students about the Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy (VTP)

Abstract

Introduction: VTP is a controversial and relevant topic in Colombia, where it has been legal under specific conditions since 2006 and decriminalized up to the 24th week of gestation since 2022. Considered a sexual and reproductive right, its safe and legal access is essential to prevent unwanted pregnancies and reduce maternal mortality. However, perceptions vary between those who see it as a fundamental right and those who oppose it for religious reasons. This study aims to characterize students’ perceptions, knowledge of the subject, and the factors influencing these views.  Objective: To analyze student’s perception from a higher education institution in Medellín, Colombia, regarding voluntary termination of pregnancy (VTP).  Methodology: This quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was based on a self-developed questionnaire validated by expert judgment. The questionnaire assessed university students’ perceptions of VTP, categorizing them as positive, intermediate, or negative.  Results: 82 students participated (54.9% men, 45.1% women), with an average age of 25 years. Most belonged to socioeconomic strata 2 and 3; 41.5% identified as Catholic, and 39% as Adventist. While 89% acknowledged the legality of VTP in Colombia, there were misconceptions about the legal grounds and health institutions’ obligations. An intermediate perception was reported by 87.8%, and 80.4% believed that VTP should be openly discussed. Social media and informal conversations were the primary sources of information (35.3%), whereas religious beliefs had less influence (41.4% disagreed that religion shaped their perception).  Conclusion: Students exhibit an intermediate perception of VTP, with adequate knowledge but some misconceptions. It is recommended to strengthen education on sexual and reproductive rights and promote open discussions in universities.